LD 131 
.0847 
1921a 
Copy 1 





Glass 
Book 



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THE THREE NATIONS 

AT THE 

AMERICAN UNIVERSITY 



THE THREE NATIONS 

AT THE 

AMERICAN UNIVERSITY 



ADDRESSES AT THE ANNUAL 
CONVOCATION 

NEWTON W. ROWBLL 
King's Counsel, Toronto, Canada 

WARREN G. HARDING 
President of the United States 

JEAN J. JUSSERAND 
Ambassador from France 



Published by the University 

Washington 

District of Columbia 



v."^ 



\"- 



^,c^»-l 



By Transfer 

AUG 14 1922 




Printed in Washington by the 
University Printer 



TO THE TRUSTEES OF THE AMERICAN 
UNIVERSITY 



The 7viscst truly is in tkese times the greatest. — 
Carlyle. 



IN THE BEGINNING 



The welfare of Nations depends at once on the 
liappiness ivJiicli they enjoy at home and the respect 
ivhich they command abroad. — Hklvetius. 



CONTENTS. 

page: 

In the Beginning ^^ 

Historical Sketch ^^ 

Board of Award ^^ 

The Three Nations at the American University. . 33 

Yesterday and Today— Yesterday 26 

Board of Trustees • ^^ 

Officers of Administration and Instruction 30 

Present Officers and Trustees 32 

Woman's Guild ; • ^^ 

Faculty of the School of Diplomacy and Juris- 

prudence "^ 

Yesterday and Today— Today 41 

Tables of the Student Body 42 

Flag Raising Exercises 49 

Exercises in the Grove 55 

Introductory Address by the Chancellor 58 

Address of Doctor Rowell 61 

Address of President Harding 70 

Address of Ambassador Jusserand 80 

The University Graduates 87 

Announcement of Fellowships 91 

Benediction ^^ 



ILLUSTRATIONS. 

Chancellor John W. Hamilton Frontispiece 

American University Seal. 
College of History. 

McKinley Memorial Building and Temporary Struc- 
tures for War Purposes, 
Dr. Newton W. Rowell. 
President Warren G. Harding. 
Dr. Jean J. Jusserand. 



IN THE BEGINNING 

In the beginning was the Right Reverend John 
Fletcher Hurst, Bishop of the Methodist Episcopal 
Church, resident in Washington — a man never at ease, 
who never had an idle day. There was one idea in 
his head that was his master. He had become addicted 
to it. It was his meat day and night. Whenever he 
would meet a friend he would take him aside and treat 
him to it until he too had the habit. He was never 
censured for his pursuits, so long as the idea was with- 
out form and void, but when he had so assiduously 
prosecuted them that the idea began to buy land and 
build, then the carping critics began their tormenting 
cant of cynicism, but all in vain, for the Bishop had 
founded the American University. The idea may not 
have originated with him. It was in the air and fluid, 
but, like Franklin, the scholarly prelate adjusted the 
arrester by which he deflected the golden lightning to 
the hill that towers over all the others in the city. And 
the College of History will long retain the agreeable 
fragrance of his name with which when new it was 
once saturated. 

The following historical sketch appeared in the 
University Courier before the late brilliant young 
Chancellor had been elected Bishop : 



IS 



HISTORICAL SKETCH 

Not long before the civil war, in writing for the 
Harpers, William Arthur, author of The Tongue of 
Fire, advocated the establishment of an institution of 
the higher learning at Washington by American Meth- 
odists. Matthew Simpson, during his early residence 
as bishop in Philadelphia, voiced his conviction of the 
same duty. Alfred Wheeler, from his editorial chair 
of the Pittsburgh Christian Advocate, ably seconded the 
proposition. Edward R. Ames, while bishop in Balti- 
more, and John P. Newman, during his pastorates of 
Metropolitan Church in Washington, uttered strong 
words to the same effect. 

John Fletcher Hurst, soon after removing his epis- 
copal residence from Buffalo to Washington, was ap- 
pealed to by several leading educators in behalf of such 
an institution, and on Christmas Day, 1889, began a 
search for a site. This search continued for three 
weeks, and was rewarded by the discovery of a location 
suited to a university and in the market for sale. It 
was a beautiful and diversified piece of ground, ninety- 
two acres in extent, located on Loughboro Road, in the 
Northwest Heights of Washington, and commanded a 
panoramic view over the District, the Manassas Plains, 
and the Blue Ridge Mountains of Virginia, the Harper's 
Ferry Notch, and Sugar Loaf Mountain of Western 
Maryland. The price was $100,000. An option of 
$1,000 was paid on January 25, 1890, and $19,000 was 
16 



THE THREE NATIONS 17 

paid on March 1, completing the first of five equal 
installments. These subsequent installments were paid 
at various dates, and the final payment was made in 
March, 1895, when Bishop Hurst, who had assumed the 
financial burden, transferred the title to the trustees. 

Historic interest attaches to the site from two 
sources: The property was once owned by Thomas 
Addison, a cousin of Joseph Addison, of Spectator 
fame, and on its northern border stands a conspicuous 
portion of Fort Gaines, thrown up by the Pennsylvania 
Reserves during the early sixties. 

The organization of the corporation under a charter 
from the District of Columbia took place on May 28, 
1891, in the southeast wing or annex of the Arlington 
Hotel (now torn down), the part once occupied by 
Charles Sumner as his residence. Thirty-six trustees 
were elected. Bishop Hurst was elected chancellor, 
Charles W. Baldwin secretary, and Albert Osborn reg- 
istrar. William W. Smith was elected vice-chancellor 
on March 31, 1893, and George W. Gray general sec- 
retary on July 7, 1893, and each served one year. 
Samuel L. Beiler was elected vice-chancellor May 34, 
1893, and served for five years. William W. Martin 
was elected secretary on May 35, 1898, and served for 
a little more than a year. Wilbur L. Davidson, who had 
been field secretary for a year, was elected secretary in 
1899, and served until 1908. 

A new and enlarged charter was obtained from the 
Congress and approved by President Harrison, Feb- 



18 THE THREE NATIONS 

ruary 24, 1893, and under this charter the Board of 
Trustees wp.s reorganized on December 13, 1893. 

The General Conference of the Methodist Episcopal 
Church in 1892, and that of the Methodist Episcopal 
Church, South, in 1894, gave endorsement to the en- 
terprise. 

The first building, the College of History, for which 
subscriptions were started in January, 1895, and in- 
creased to $150,000 by May in the same year, was 
begun in June, 1896, and completed in January, 1898. 
It is 176 feet long, the central portion 90 feet broad, 
and the two ends 70 feet. It is of tool-dressed marble. 
Its cost was $186,000. It contains forty-two rooms. 

The foundation of the second building, the College 
of Government, was begun in 1901 ; the corner-stone 
was laid on May 14, 1902, and the superstructure, 
which is of Vermont marble, was completed to the roof 
in 1907, at a total cost of $155,000. The interior work, 
not yet done, will require about $150,000. Two more 
buildings are in near prospect. 

On the failure of his strength in 1902, Bishop Hurst 
was made chancellor emeritus, and Bishop Charles C. 
McCabe, who had been vice-chancellor since 1899, was 
elected chancellor, and held the ofifice until his death 
in 1906. Bishop Alphaeus W. Wilson was elected vice- 
chancellor in 1903. 

Franklin Hamilton was elected chancellor in May, 
1907. A working plan for the beginning of the aca- 
demic functions of the university was presented by 




COLI.EGE OF History 



THE THREF, NATIONS 19 

Chancellor Hamilton and adopted in substance by the 
trustees on December 11, 1912, and in revised form 
on May 14, 1913. Approval of this working plan has 
been given by the Board of Education, the Educational 
Association, and the University Senate of the Meth- 
odist Episcopal Church, and a joint committee of con- 
ference and co-operation has been appointed by these 
three educational bodies. 

The election of a Board of Award and of a director 
of research took place March 25, 1914. 

On May 27, 1914, the university was opened offi- 
cially by the President of the United States, and a pro- 
gram of addresses by President Woodrow Wilson, by 
Secretaries Bryan and Daniels, and by Bishops Cran- 
ston, McDowell, and Hamilton, of prayer by Bishop 
Harding, and music led by United States Marine Band, 
was carried through on the campus in the presence of a 
large assembly. 

The first classes for work met in the College of His- 
tory on October 6, 1914, under the conduct of Doctor 
Frank W. Collier, director of research. 

Board of Award 

The Board of Award consists of ten members. This 
board has authority to employ the temporary services 
of approved scholars and advisers in order the better to 
fulfill the appointed functions of the board. The board 
orders its own procedure and meetings. 

The Board of Award, on nomination by some scien- 
tific school, college or university, concurred in by the 



20 THE THREE NATIONS 

officers of the American University, will select the 
fellows of the university. In fulfilling this duty the 
board will take into account the general qualifications 
of each candidate, his preparation and health, his pow- 
ers of leadership and promise of highest service, as 
well as his scholastic standing. The board has author- 
ity to order such special examinations of candidates for 
selection to fellowships as it may prescribe. 

It also will have oversight of the courses of study 
to be pursued by candidates for degrees or by other 
students who may engage in a special research. 

The board will pass upon the qualifications of any 
student who is a candidate for a degree from the uni- 
versity. The board will pass also upon any other pro- 
posed academic distinction that is to be granted. 



THE ANNOUNCEMENT 



ENGLAND 
FRANCE 
AMERICA 



THE THREE NATIONS AT THE AMERICAN 
UNIVERSITY 

No more notable Convocation has been held in 
Washington than that of the American University on 
June 8, 1921. The time, the place, the circumstance, 
gave opportunity to the program. The sun shared its 
radiance with the clouds and the people, the air was 
balmy and salubrious, the foliage was dense and luxu- 
rious, the bloom of the trees shed its fragrance every- 
where, the stately tulips overshadowing the natural 
amphitheater, like the groves of the Academy at 
Athens, made of the landscape a fit temple for the 
schoolmen. 

The occasion had brought together the representa- 
tives of the three kindred nations to espouse a com- 
mon cause. England and her colonies, the moral and 
financial symbol and support as well as safeguard of 
Europe, Avas represented by the honored and distin- 
guished statesman from Canada. France, come out of 
the greatest of tragedies, literal vivisection, but with 
unconquerable will and genuine esteem and love for 
America, could have sent no more welcome guest or 
interpreter of the first principles of friendship than 
the affable, scholarly and eloquent ambassador. The 
United States, the basic resource of relief and liberty 
of other peoples, was given the representation by the 
President that was heard in all lands and must have 

23 



24 THE THREE NATIONS 

convinced the nations that "America was the half- 
brother of the world." 

The theme and tone of the addresses were of such 
dignity and earnestness as to give encouragement to 
the distressed and disheartened in every country. The 
speakers had come not so much to "lash the vices of 
a guilty age" as to lend a helping hand to those who 
had suffered most from its ruthless and desolating 
scourge. 

We print, with grateful acknowledgment to the 
authors, the addresses with all other proceedings of 
the Convocation. 



Strive after unity, but seek it not in uniformity. — 
SCHILIvER. 



YESTERDAY AND TODAY 

Yesterday 

It was a short yesterday the American University 
enjoyed before the World War. It was May 37, 1914, 
the University was officially opened ; it was August 4, 
1914, war was declared. The classes for instruction 
were formed October 6, 1914, when the University 
actually began its work with Doctor Frank W. Collier 
as Director of Research, with a corps of instructors as 
they were needed. But the preparations of war were 
under way. The Trustees of the University had ten- 
dered the use of its property for war purposes. The 
President of the United States graciously accepted. 
Within a few days fifteen hundred young men were on 
the campus in tents to begin their military training 
Competition of the government and the University was 
on at once, for soldiers in one case and students in the 
other. The necessities of the War Department in- 
creased from day to day. Permanent barracks took 
the place of the tents and more than 100,000 soldiers 
first and last received their training on the grounds, 
the engineers, foresters, and camouflage. The demand 
for the use of the University buildings came very soon. 
Room after room was given over until "one crowded 
hour of glorious life" when the government took full 
possession of all the buildings and the students, what 
few of them the enlistment had left, went to the homes 
and offices of the instructors to receive their lectures. 
26 







IfTM*. 




McKinlEy Building and Tempokakv Stkuctukes 
FOR Wak Purposes 



THE THREE NATIONS 37 

The Chemical Warfare Service asked for and re- 
ceived the use of the Ohio or McKinley Building, in 
which a dozen or more chemists were set to work. 
Great as the building was it became too small, and 
other buildings were erected about it in which the 
manufacture of gas, masks, and explosives was car- 
ried on, until nearly three thousand chemists and their 
assistants were employed when the armistice was 
signed. 

The University at no time suspended instruction, 
and an increasing number of students, with all the in- 
conveniences of attendance and drain of war, continued 
to come until it was forced on the Trustees to find 
other accommodations for the school. So many of the 
employees of the government sought admission to the 
University that it became necessary to open a Down- 
town Branch in the city. One building after another 
was secured in the block on F Street, until all the 
houses except two between 19th and 20th Streets were 
purchased. 

A Board of Award was created and a fund raised 
to grant fellowships to students desiring to continue 
their studies after graduation in some field of research 
toward which their college or university training had 
inclined them and for which they were fitted. These 
fellowships, varying in sums from $500 to $1,000 each, 
have been distributed from year to year to successful 
competitors in this country residing respectively in 
Seattle, Wash. ; Atlanta, Ga. ; other cities between, and 
in Canada and Europe. 



28 THE THREE NATIONS 

The Board of Trustees and the Officers of the Board 
at the time of opening were as follows : 

OFFICERS OF THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES 

President, BENJAMIN F. LEIGHTON 
Vice-President, ROBERT B. WARD 
Treasurer, CHARLES C. GLOVER 
Secretary, CHARLES W. BALDWIN 

BOARD OF TRUSTEES 

Class of 1915 

THOS. H. ANDERSON, D. C. 
JOHN E. ANDRUS, N. Y. 
CALVERT CRARY, Mass. 
CHARLES DICK, Ohio 
ARTHUR DIXON, 111. 

H. O. S. HEISTAND, U. S. A., Ohio 
BENJAMIN F. LEIGHTON, D. C. 
LEVI SMITH, Pa. 
THOMAS W. SMITH, D. C. 
GEO. W. F. SWARTZELL, D. C. 
JOHN H. VINCENT, 111. 
ROBERT B. WARD, N. Y. 
GEO. F. WASHBURN, Mass. 
WILLIAM R. WEDDERSPOON, D. C. 
WILLIAM R. WOODCOCK, Pa. 



the: three nations 29 

Class of 1919 

WILLIAM J. BRYAN, Nebr. 
JOSEPHUS DANIELS, N. C. 

CHARLES W. FAIRBANKS, Ind. 
WILLIAM T. GALLIHER, D. C. 
CHARLES C. GLOVER, D. C. 
CHARLES L. GOODELL, N. Y. 
JOHN W. HAMILTON, Mass. 
JAMES C. NICHOLSON, Md. 

CLARENCE F. NORMENT, D. C. 
JOHN A. PATTEN, Tenn. 
WILLIAM S. PILLING, Pa. 
SAMUEL R. VAN SANT, Minn. 
BRAINERD H. WARNER, D. C. 
LUTHER B. WILSON, N. Y. 

Class of 1923 
CHARLES W. BALDWIN, Md. 
JOSEPH F. BERRY, Pa. 
JABEZ G. BICKERTON, Pa. 
JULIAN S. CARR, N. C. 
WILLIAM S. CORBY, D. C. 
EARL CRANSTON, D. C. 

FRANKLIN HAMILTON, Mass. 
Mrs. JOHN F. KEATOR, Pa. 
ABRAHAM J. PALMER, N. Y. 
Mrs. J. FRANK ROBINSON, 111. 
THEODORE ROOSEVELT, N. Y. 
GEORGE C. STURGISS, W. Va. 
ALPHAEUS W. WILSON, Md. 



80 THE THREE NATIONS 

The following were the Officers of Administration 
and Instructors: 

OFFICERS OF ADMINISTRATION AND 
INSTRUCTION 

FRANKLIN HAMILTON, A.B., S.T.B., Ph.D., 

Chancellor and ex-officio Member of the Board 
of Award. 

ALPHAEUS WATERS WILSON, A.B., S.T.D., 
LL.D., 

Vice-Chancellor. 

ALBERT OSBORN, A.B., B.D., 

Registrar and ex-officio Member of the Board of 
Award. 

FRANK WILBUR COLLIER, A.B., S.T.D., Ph.D.. 
Director of Research and ex-officio Member of 
the Board of Award. 

WILLIAM JENNINGS BRYAN, A.B., M.A., LL.B., 
LL.D., 

Member of the Board of Award. 

THOMAS NIXON CARVER, A.B., Ph.D., LL.D., 
Member of the Board of Award. 

PHILANDER PRIESLY CLAXTON, A.B., M.A., 
Litt.D., LL.D., 
Member of the Board of Award. 

JOSEPHUS DANIELS, Litt.D., LL.D., 
Member of the Board of Award. 



THE three: nations 31 

JOHN WILLIAM HANCHER, B.S., M.S., M.A., 
S.T.D., 

Member of the Board of Award. 
ALFRED CHARLES TRUE, M.A., Sc.D., 

Member of the Board of Award. 
WILLIAM ANDREW WOOD, A.B., S.T.B., S.T.D., 

Member of the Board of Award. 
ISMAR JOHN PERITZ, A.B., Ph.D., 

Lecturer on the Bible, 1915. 

JUSTICE THOMAS H. ANDERSON, 
Lecturer on American Diplomacy. 

FREDERIC MAURICE STONE, A.B., B.D., D.D.. 

Endowment Secretary. 
HERBERT HARVEY KIMBALL, A.B., Ph.D., 

In charge of Solar Radiation Research, United 
States Weather Bureau. 
IRVING FORREST HAND, 

Assistant in Solar Radiation Research. 

BENJAMIN MINGE DUGGAR, B.S., M.S., A.B.. 
M.A., Ph.D., 

Counseling Professor in Plant Physiology. 

OSWALD SCHREINER, B.S., M.S., Ph.D., 
Counseling Professor in Chemistry. 

MITCHELL CARROLL, A.B., M.A., Ph.D., 

Counseling Professor in Archaeology and Art. 

GEORGE S. DUNCAN, A.B., M.A., B.D., Ph.D., 
Counseling Professor of Oriental Languages and 
Literatures. 



32 THE THREE NATIONS 

JOHN FRANKLIN ST. CLAIR, A. B., D.D., 
Financial Secretary. 

JOHN BEAVER POLSGROVE, A.B., D.D., 
Field Secretary. 

GERVASE ARISTARCHUS VIETS, 
Financial Secretary. 

JOHN BROOKS HAMMOND, 

Superintendent of Grounds and Buildings. 

CLARENCE GREGG TORREYSON, 
Superintendent's Assistant. 
Following are the present Officers of the American 
University : 

OFFICERS OF THE AMERICAN 
UNIVERSITY 

Chancellor, BISHOP JOHN W. HAMILTON, 

LL.D., L.H.D. 
Assistant to Chancellor, J. FRANKLIN KNOTTS, 

D.D. 
Director of Research, FRANK W. COLLIER, Ph.D. 
Registrar and Secretary, ALBERT OSBORN, S.T.D. 

OFFICERS OF THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES 
President, MR. JOHN C. LETTS 
First Vice-President, MR. WILLIAM S. PILLING 
Second Vice-President, MR. WILLIAM KNOWLES 

COOPER 
Treasurer, MR. WILLIAM S. CORBY 
Secretary, CHARLES W. BALDWIN, D.D. 



THE THREE NATIONS 33 

BOARD OF TRUSTEES 

Class of 1923 

JOHN L. ALCOCK, Md. 

Dr. CHARLES W. BALDWIN, Md. 
Bishop JOSEPH F. BERRY, Pa. 
Dr. JABEZ G. BICKERTON, Pa. 
Hon. JULIAN S. CARR, N. C. 
WILLIAM S. CORBY, D. C. 
Bishop EARL CRANSTON, Ohio 
Bishop COLLINS DENNY, Va. 
Dr. ROBERT S. INGRAHAM, Wis. 
Mrs. JOHN F. KEATOR, Pa. 
GEORGE H. MAXWELL, Mass. 
Dr. ABRAHAM J. PALMER, N. Y. 
Mrs. J. FRANK ROBINSON, 111. 
JOHN W. SPARKS, Pa. 

Hon. GEORGE C. STURGISS, W. Va. 
Dr. ALFRED C. TRUE, D. C. 

Class of 1927 

Hon. JOHN E. ANDRUS, N. Y. 
GORDON BATTELLE, Ohio 
CHARLES J. BELL, D. C. 
EDWARD F. COLLADAY, D. C. 
WM. KNOWLES COOPER, D. C. 
CALVERT CRARY, Mass. 

FREDERICK A. FENNING, D. C. 
Dr. G. H. GROSVENOR, D. C. 



34 THK THREE NATIONS 

Hon. WARREN G. HARDING, Ohio 

Col. H. O. S. HEISTAND, U. S. A., Ohio 
JOHN C. LETTS, D. C. 

Bishop WILLIAM F. McDOWELL, D. C. 
GEO. F. WASHBUR'N, Mass. 
Dr. WILLIAM R. WEDDERSPOON, 111. 
Hon. WM. LEE WOODCOCK, Pa. 

Class of 1931 

Col. PETER M. ANDERSON, D. C. 
Hon. WILLIAM J. BRYAN, Nebr. 
Dr. ARTHUR C. CHRISTIE, D. C. 
Mrs. SARAH B. COCHRAN, Pa. 
Hon. JOSEPHUS DANIELS, N. C. 
GEORGE W. DIXON, 111. 
WILLIAM J. FAUX, Pa. 
WILLIAM T. GALLIHER, D. C. 
CHARLES C. GLOVER, D. C. 

Bishop JOHN W. HAMILTON, D. C. 
Dr. JAMES C. NICHOLSON, D. C. 
CLARENCE F. NORMENT, D. C. 
WILLIAM S. PILLING, Pa. 
A. M. SCHOYER, 111. 

Hon. SAMUEL R. VAN SANT, Minn. 
Bishop LUTHER B. WILSON, N. Y. 



THE three; nations 35 

Board of Award. 

ALFRED C. TRUE, Ph. D., Chairman. 
PHILANDER P. CLAXTON, LL- D. 
OSWALD SCHRETNER, Ph.D. 
JOHN W. HANCHER, S. T. D. 
LEMUEL H. MURLIN, S. T. D. 
VINCENT MASSEY, A.M. 
JOHN J. TIGERT, LL. D. 

Together with the Chancellor, Director of Research, and 
Registrar of the University, EX-OFFICIO members. 



The Woman's Guild of the University was an 
association of distinguished women residing in 
Washington who form'ed an organization to pro- 
mote the interests of the University. "Any person 
contributing $1,000 becomes an Honorary Vice- 
President; $500 a Charter Member; and $100 a Life 
Member of the Guild." Following were the officers : 

WOMAN'S GUILD OF THE AMERICAN 
UNIVERSITY 

Officers 

Vice-President and Acting President, Mrs. THOMAS 

H. ANDERSON 
Recording Secretary, Miss ELISABETH F. PIERCE 
Corresponding Secretary, Mrs. FREDERICK PLINY 

LILLEY 
Treasurer, Mrs. WILLIAM M. HANNAY 



36 THE THRElv NATIONS 

Vice-Presidents 
Mrs. JOHN A. LOGAN 
Mrs. BENJAMIN F. LEIGHTON 
Mrs. T. DeWITT TALMAGE 
Mrs. ANDREW B. DUVALL 
Mrs. JOHN HOEFFECKER 
Mrs. J. B. SHOWALTER 
Mrs. M. B. TULLOCH 
Mrs. ALDIS S. BROWNE 
Mrs. JONATHAN P. DOLLIVER 
Miss MARGARET GAY DOLLIVER 
Mrs. M. A. HEPBURN 
Mrs. CHARLES P. McLANE 
Miss IDA SIMPSON 

Mrs. GEORGE C. WILDER 
Following is the present Faculty of the several 
Schools of the University : 

FACULTY OF THE SCHOOL OF DIPLO- 
MACY AND JURISPRUDENCE 

THE RT. REV. JOHN W. HAMILTON, D.D., 
LL.D., L.H.D., 

Chancellor of University. 
ALBERT H. PUTNEY, Ph.D., D.C.L., LL.D., 

Professor of Constitutional and International 
Law and Diplomatic History, and Dean of 
the Faculty. 
FRANK W. COLLIER, S.T.B., Ph.D., 

Professor of Racial Psychology and Compara- 
tive Religion, and Director of Research. 



THE THREE NATIONS 6i 

CHARLES W. NEEDHAM, LL. B., LL- D., 

Professor of the Comparative Constitutional Law and Interstate 

Commerce Law. 

CHARLES F. CARUSL LL. M., LL. D'., 

Professor of Legal History. 

FREDERICK JUCHHOFF, Ph. D., LL. M. 

Professor of Economics. 

LESTER H. WOOLSEY, A. B., LL. B., 

Professor of International Law. 

ALES HRDLICKA, M. D., 

Professor of Anthropology. 

CHARLES C. TANSILL, A. M., Ph. D., 

Professor of History. 

GILBERT O. NATIONS, Ph. D., 

Professor of Roman and Canon Law. 

ROGER W. COOLEY, Litt. B., LL. M., 

Professor of Law. 

JAMES HAMILTON LEWIS, 

Lecturer on Special Topics in Constitutional Law. 

ELLERY C. STOWELL, A. B., L. D., 

Lecturer on International Law. 

WILLIAM RAY MANNING, A.M., Ph.D., 

Lecturer on Trade with Latin America and Latin American 

History. 

RAY O. HALL, A. M., 

Lecturer on Trade with Near East and Far East. 

EDWIN C. PULLER, Ph. B., LL. M., 

Lecturer on Citizenship and Passports. 

HAYDEN JOHNSON, LL. M.. 

Lecturer on Federal Corporations. 

A. K. SCHMAVONIAN, A. B., LL. M., 

Lecturer on Oriental History and Mohammedan Law. 

HENRY L. BRYAN, LL. M., 

Lecturer on Federal Statutes. 



38 THE THREE NATIONS 

RICHARD W. FLOURNOY, LL. M., 

Lecturer on Admiralty Law. 

RAYMOND F. CRIST, LL.B, 

Lecturer on Immigration and Naturalization Laws of the 

United States. 

WILLIAM A. REID, LL- M., 
Lecturer on Trade Investigations. 

RICHARD C. DE WOLF, LL. B., 
Lecturer on the Law of Copyrights and Trademarks. 

CHARLES W. RUSSELL, LL. B., 

Lecturer on Claims Against Foreign Governments. 

KNUTE E. CARLSON, Ph. D., 

Lecturer on Trade with Europe. 

B. B. WALLACE, Ph. D., 

Lecturer on the Geography of Commerce. 

WALLACE McCLURE, A. M., LL. B., 
Lecturer on Foreign Tariffs. 

CHARLES LEE COOKE, 
Lecturer on Diplomatic Ceremonials. 

Graduate School of Arts and Sciences. 

THE RT. REV. JOHN W. HAMILTON, D. D., LE- D., 
L. H. D., 

Chancellor of University. 

FRANK W. COLLIER, S. T. B., Ph. D., 

Professor of Philosophy and Dean. 

ALBERT H. PUTNEY, Ph. D., D. C. L., LL. D., 

Professor of Constitutional Law. 

FREDERICK JUCHHOFF, LL. B., Ph. D., 

Professor of Economics. 

GEORGE S. DUNCAN, A. M., Ph. D., 

Professor of Oriental and Old Testament Literature. 



THE THRE£; NATIONS 39 

MITCHELL CARROLL, A. M., Ph. D., 

Professor of New Testament Literature. 

OSWALD SCHREINER, B. S., M.S., Ph.D., 

Consulting Professor in Chemistry. 

BENJAMIN MINGE DUGGAR, B. S., M. S., Ph. D., 

Consulting Professor in Plant Physiology. 

ALES HRDLICKA, M. D., Sc. D., 

Professor of Anthropology. 

CHARLES C. TANSILL, A. M., Ph. D., 

Professor of History. 

PAUL KAUFMAN, A. M., Ph. D., 

Professor of English Literature. 

GILBERT O. NATIONS, Ph. D., 
Lecturer on Roman and Canon Law. 

WILLIAM RAY MANNING, A. M., Ph. D., 
Lecturer on Latin American History. 

EDWIN S. PULLER, Ph. B., LL- M., 

Lecturer on Citizenship and Passports. 

A. K. SCHMAVONIAN, LL. M., 

Lecturer on Oriental History and Mohammedan Law. 

WALTON C. JOHN, A. M., Ph. D., 

Professor of Education. 

RAYMOND F. CRIST, LL. B., 

Lecturer on Immigration and Naturalization. 

TOLLEF B. THOMPSON, Ph. D., 

Professor of Sociology. 

BENJAMIN B. WALLACE. Ph. D., 

Associate Professor of Political Science. 

CURTIS F. MARBUT, A. M., LL. D., 
Consulting Professor in Geology. 

ELLERY C. STOWELL, Doctor in Droit, 
Lecturer on International Law. 



40 THE THRKiJ NATIONS 

School of Business Administration. 

THE RT. REV. JOHN W. HAMILTON, D. D., LL. D. 

L. H. D, 

Chancellor of the University. 

FREDERICK JUCHHOFF, LL. M., Ph. D., 

Dean of the School of Business Administration. 

CHARLES W. NEEDHAM, LL. B., LL. P., 
Professor of Interstate Commerce Law. 

W. H. S. STEVENS, 

Professor of Business Finance and Organization. 

W. R. MANNING, 

Professor of Latin-American Relations. 

G. A. STEPHENS, 
Professor of Insurance. 

ALBERT H. PUTNEY, 

Professor of Law. 

T. B. THOMPSON, 

Professor of Commerce. 

FREDERICK JUCHHOFF, 

Professor of Economics. 

KEMPER SIMPSON, 
Professor of Statistics. 

CLARENCE E. BONNETT, 
Visiting Professor of Economics. 

RAY OVID HALL, 

Associate Professor of Trade with the Orient. 

A. S. FIELD, 

Associate Professor of Transportation. 

KNUTE E. CARLSON, 
Associate Professor of Trade with Europe. 

JOHN L. DONALDSON, 
Associate Professor of Labor Problems. 



THE THREE NATIONS 41 

WILLIAM A. REID, 
Associate Professor of Trade with Latin-America. 

B. B. WALLACE, 

Associate Professor of Commerce. 

DORSEY RICHARDSON, 

Associate Professor of Political Science. 

WALLACE McCLURE, 

Associate Professor of Economics. 

Today 

The University has continued to grow in favor and 
in the number of departments and students, until 
Schools of Diplomacy, Jurisprudence, Citizenship, Re- 
ligious Education, and Business Administration have 
been added. One graduate school in the United States 
has a greater number of students. The oldest of such 
schools had only about a score more of students than 
are receiving instruction in the American University 
the present year. It is the only institution in the coun- 
try that does not have an undergraduate school as its 
feeder. 

Doctor Albert H. Putney, who was in charge of the 
Near East Division of the State Department of the 
United States, was elected Dean of the Schools of 
Diplomacy, Jurisprudence, and Citizenship when the 
the Downtown Branch of the University was opened. 
Doctor Frank W. Collier is in charge of the School of 
Religious Education, and Doctor Frederick Juchhoff 
the School of Business Administration. 



43 



THE THRKE NATIONS 



The wideness and diversity of patronage which the 
University receives is indicated in the character, na- 
tivity, and residence of the students. The institution 
is fast becoming a world school. Its influence through 
the favor and direction of one of the embassies in 
Washington has determined since the war the educa- 
tional policy of one of the foreign States, and secured 
an American educator to direct in the movement. 

The following tables give an interesting account of 
the several relations sustained by the students of the 
University now in attendance : 

A. — States of the United States represented in the 
student body of the American University : 



1. Alabama 


19. 


Missouri 


2. California 


20. 


Nebraska 


3. Colorado 


21. 


New Hampshire 


4. Connecticut 


22. 


New Jersey 


5. District of Columbia 


23. 


New York 


6. Florida 


24. 


North Carolina 


7. Georgia 


25. 


Ohio 


8. Illinois 


26. 


Pennsylvania 


9. Indiana 


27. 


Rhode Island 


10. Iowa 


28. 


South Carolina 


11. Kansas 


29. 


Tennessee 


12. Kentucky 


30. 


Texas 


13. Maine 


31. 


Utah 


14. Maryland 


32. 


Vermont 


15. Massachusetts 


33. 


Virginia 


16. Michigan 


34. 


West Virginia 


17. Minnesota 


35. 


Philippine Islands 


IS. Mississippi 







THE THREE NATIONS 43 

B. — Foreign States represented in the student body 
of the American University: 

1. Albania 7. Poland 

2. Austria 8. Scotland 

3. China 9. Sweden 

4. Czecho-Slovakia 10. Turkey 

5. Ecuador 11. Uruguay 

6. Hungary 

C. — Religious affiliations of the students of the 
American University: 

1. Baptist 11. New Jerusalem 

2. Christian (Disciples) (Swedenborgian) 

3. Congregational 12. Presbyterian 

4. Friends 13. Protestant 

5. Greek Orthodox 14. Protestant Episcopal 

6. Hebrew 15. Reformed 

7. Latter Day Saints 16. Roman Catholic 

8. Lutheran 17. Unitarian 

9. Methodist Episcopal 18. Mohammedan 
10. Methodist Episcopal 19. Confucian 

(South) 

D. — The following degrees are held by the student 
body of the American University: 

A. B. B. D. LL. B. M. P. L. 

A. M. B. S. LL. M. M. S. 

B. B. A. D. C. L. M. C. S. Ph. B. 
B. C. L. D. V. M. M. J. Ph. D. 



44 



THE THREE NATIONS 



In- 



In- 



E.— The following 
fessional schools are 
University : 

1. Adelphia College 

2. Alabama Polytechnic 

stitute 

3. American University 

4. Arizona Agricultural 

stitute 

5. Arkansas Law School 

6. Bates College 

7. Berea College 

8. Bethany College 

9. Bridgewater College 

10. Brown University 

11. Bryn Mawr College 
Capital University 

lumbus) 

Capital Theological Semi- 
nary 

Cincinnati Law School 

Clark University 

Columbia University 

Creighton University 

Dickinson College. 

Drew Theological Semi- 
nary 

Eastern College (Va.) 

21. Franklin and Marshall 

College 

22. Georgetown University 

23. Georgetown University 

(Ky.) 
George Washington Uni- 
versity 



universities, colleges, and pro- 
represented in the American 



12. 

13. 

14. 
15. 
16. 
17. 

18. 
19. 

20. 



24 



(Co- 



25. Grinnell College 

26. Hamline University 

27. Harvard University 

28. Hiram College 

29. Holy Cross (Worcester, 

Mass.) 
Illinois Wesleyan 

University 
Indianapolis College of 

Law 
Iowa State College 

33. John Marshall Law School 

34. Johns Hopkins University 
Kansas State Agricultural 

College 
Leland Stanford Junior 

University 
Lenore College 
Lynchburg College 

39. Manila College 

40. Medical College of Vir- 

ginia 

41. Meigs College. 

42. Meridian University 

43. Mississippi College 

44. Mt. Holyoke College 

45. National University Law 

School 

Nebraska Wesleyan Uni- 
versity 

New Mexico Agricultural 
College 



30. 



31. 



32 



35 



36 



37. 

38. 



46 



the: three; nations 



45 



48. New York University 

49. Northwestern University 

50. Oberlin University 

51. Oberlin Tlieological Semi- 

nary 

52. Ohio State University 

53. Peabody College 

54. Purdue University 

55. Princeton University 

56. Smith College 

57. Southern Methodist Uni- 

versity 

58. Syracuse University 

59. Toledo University 

60. Union College 

61. University of California 

62. University of Chicago 

63. University of Cincinnati 

64. University of Denver 

65. University of Illinois 

66. University of Kansas 

67. University of Kentucky 

68. University of Maryland 

69. University of Minnesota 

70. University of Missouri 

71. University of Nebraska 



76. 

77. 
78. 
79. 
80. 
81. 
82. 
83. 

84. 

85. 
86. 
87. 
88. 
89. 
90. 
91. 
92. 



University of Oregon 
University of Pennsylvania 
University of South Da- 
kota 
University of Southern 

California 
University of Tennessee 
University of Texas 
University of Virginia 
West Virginia University 
Valparaiso University 
Vassar College 
Vanderbilt University 
Washington (D. C.) Col- 
lege of Law 
Washington School of 

Accountancy 
Wellesley College 
Whitworth University 
William and Mary College 
Williams College 
William Smith College 
Wofiford University. 
Yale University 
Young-Harris College 



F. — The foreign educational institutions represented 
in the student body of the American University: 

1. Acadia University, Nova 5. University of Berlin, Ger- 

Scotia many 

2. Nippon University, Japan 6. University of Christ iania, 

3. Roberts College, Turkey Norway 

4. The Sarbonne, France 



46 THE THREE NATIONS 

7. University of Glasgow, 11. University of Montevideo, 

Scotland Uruguay 

8. University of Greifswald, 12. University of The Philip- 

Germany pines 

9. Ufiiversity of Halle, Ger- 13. University of Prague, 

many Czecho-Slovakia 

10. University of Marburg, 14. Upsala, Sweden 

Germany 15. University of Vienna, 

Austria 



FLAG RAISING 



When zvar ivingcd its zvild desolation, 

And threatened the land to defonn, 
The ark then of Freedom's foundation, 

Columbia, rode safe thro' the storm; 
With her garlands of vict'ry around her, 

When so proudly she bore her brave crezv, 
With her flag proudly floating before her, 

The boast of the Red, White, and Blue. 

— David Shazv. 



FLAG RAISING EXERCISES. 

Two great flags having been donated to the Uni- 
versity, the flag raising preceded the Convocation ex- 
ercises. A large assembly was gathered about tlie 
flag pole, that stands near the College of History. The 
Chancellor of the University, Bishop John W. Hamil- 
ton, in presenting the presiding officer, said : 

Ladies and Gentlemen : You know it has been the custom, 
indeed for long the law, over all our institutions of learning, 
including the public school, to float the national flag. We 
are met today to receive first the flag donated by Senator 
Robert A. Booth, of Oregon, who said he wanted the Oregon 
colors to float over the Nation's Capital. 

The exercises were to be in charge of General Pershing, 
who consented to be here in case he was not called to his own 
institution in the west. He has notified me that he has not 
been released from his tentative engagement, and expresses 
his regret that he will not be present today. He states that he 
had secured Major General William Mason Wright to repre- 
sent him. General Wright, however, has been called suddenly 
today to the hospital on a very serious errand, and in his 
place he has designated General Preston Brown, who will 
preside at these brief but patriotic exercises, after which we 
will go immediately to the amphitheater in the grove for the 
annual University exercises. It is my pleasure to present to 
you now General Preston Brown. 

General Brown : Ladies and Gentlemen : Before asking 
Dr. Pierce to offer the invocation, I know you will pardon 
me when I say it is peculiarly fitting that he should do so. 
The ambassador of our sister republic is present. He will 
appreciate when I announce the fact that three years ago 



50 THE THREE NATIONS 

today in the bloody fighting at Belleau Wood, Dr. Pierce, then 
a chaplain in the Second Division, took an honored part, and 
represented his calling with the greatest credit. Dr. J. N. 
Pierce. 

Almighty God, Whose we are, and Whom we serve : We 
cannot meet here without recognition of Thy presence ; that 
our country owes her life to Thee; that our desires of the 
sisterhood of nations are born of Thy Holy Spirit operating 
in our minds and heart; that this great University, set on a 
hill, which cannot be hid, looks to make real among men Thy 
wisdom. Thy truth. Thy love, and Thy service. 

And now is this flag accepted, as it has been given, in the 
spirit of allegiance to country and to the ideals back of 
country. And guiding, onward as this flag shall float in this 
place, wilt Thou make us loyal to all Thy children and to all 
Thy truths, in all our lives. And to the Father, Son, and 
Holy Spirit shall be our thanksgiving and our praise now and 
forevermore. Amen. 

General Brown : The presentation of the flags will be 
made by Mr. H. M. Frampton, who represents the Fixed 
Nitrogen Research Laboratory, and to whom has been en- 
trusted the honor of presenting the flags. Mr. Frampton. 

General Brown, Bishop Hamilton, and Distinguished Ladies 
and Gentlemen : I have the honor to present, for your formal 
acceptance, two flags, both of which were sent to the Amer- 
ican University for use at its Seventh Convocation exercises, 
June 8, 1921. The flag which I shall first hand you was 
presented by Senator Robert A. Booth, of Oregon, and the 
second by Mrs. and Col. P. M. Anderson, of the District of 
Columbia. The Fixed Nitrogen Research Laboratory, which 
it is my pleasure to represent, was entrusted with the cus- 
tody of these flags until such time as they were formally 
accepted. The Laboratory is very grateful for this and other 
honors bestowed upon it I)y the American University, which 
honors we desire hereby to acknowledge. And as I now pre- 



THE THREE NATIONS 51 

sent the flags as described, I present also an expression of 
the high esteem we hold for the officers and faculty of the 
American University, as well as for the officers of the War 
Department, which you now represent, and under whom we 
serve. 

General Brown : Ladies and Gentlemen : The acceptance 
of the flags will be made by Bishop Hamilton. 

Ladies and Gentlemen : No extended remarks are necessary 
in this day to accept anything! We are always grateful for 
all we can get ! Under these circumstances it is very fitting 
indeed that the flags should have been entrusted for presenta- 
tion to the partners with the American University in the 
occupancy of this ground. We have been associated with the 
United States Government here for the last three or four 
years, they occupying all of our hundred acres. The Nitrate 
Division is still in possession of the Ohio or McKinley 
Building. 

In behalf of the University, it gives me greatest pleasure 
from the representative of the Nitrate Division, to accept 
these flags, the first to be erected here, the second to be 
erected over the downtown branch of the University, between 
Nineteenth and Twentieth Streets, on F Street. 

That you may not tire in waiting, I will venture very briefly 
an extremely frank but good-natured remark. The boys who 
were here were not as careful as possibly we would have been 
with our own flag. It was up in all weathers, night as well 
as day, and it soon lost its colors ; and another untoward 
matter, it broke from its moorings at the top. The men of 
the Nitrate Division, at all times our helpmates, borrowed 
from the Weather Bureau three or four balloons and a num- 
ber of pulleys, and by some sort of skill or legerdemain, they 
were able, by a hoisting hydrogen process, to bring that pulley 
not only to the top, but to fasten it there, and then also to 
strengthen the pulley, as you see, by these wrappings. And 
now it is certainly proper that they should test the pulley 



52 THE THRKE NATIONS 

and the wrappings to, see that the thing has gone into place 
to do the business ! 

As the fiag rose to its appointed place the Marine 
Band, led by Lieut. Wm. H. Santelmann, played "The 
Star-Spangled Banner," and the audience stood at 
salute while the colors were being raised. 

General Brown : We will now proceed to the grove for 
the remainder of the exercises. 



IN THE GROVE 



We found in it the fields of the Wood. — The; Biblk. 



EXERCISES IN THE GROVE. 

The Convocation exercises proper were held in the 
outdoor auditorium at 2 :30 o'clock, with Bishop John 
W. Hamilton, Chancellor, presiding. 

Bishop Hamilton : Good friends, you cannot understand 
the pressure upon the time of the President in these most 
busy days. We must have the time for the exercises, but 
when he shall appear, which will be in a very few minutes, 
we desire that he shall have the full time necessary for his 
address. He must retire, and the band also, if our exercises 
should be extended beyond four o'clock, as Mrs. Harding 
has a garden party at which she must be present from five to 
seven o'clock, and the Marine Band that is serving us today, 
through the 'direction of the President of the United States, 
of course must go with the President, to be present at that 
reception in the grounds of the White House. We will there- 
fore proceed at once with the exercises. The audience may 
remain standing during the prayer, which is to be offered by 
the Rector, the Rev. James E. Freeman, D. D., of the Church 
of the Epiphany. (The audience arose.) 

Prayer. 

Let us pray. Almighty God, our Heavenly Father, Thou 
art the source of all life, Thou art the source of all strength, 
Thou art the Giver of every good and perfect gift; and we 
approach Thee today as Thy children with the confidence and 
assurance that Thy Spirit is with us in all things. And we 
come to Thee, in this day of holy beginnings, to ask Thy 
love and favor upon us, as we meet here in this place which 
is dedicated to things of wisdom and of knowledge and of 
power ; to ask Thee to give us Thy grace and Thy Heavenly 

S5 



56 THE THR2E NATIONS 

benediction ; to grant that here in this place truth may dwell 
serenely, and truth inspired by Thee. 

Do Thou give great judgment and wisdom to all those 
charged with the concerns of this place, granting that noth- 
ing untoward, nothing unfavorable to the acceptance of truth 
may enter here. But may all things be done with an eye 
single to Thy Glory, and may every enterprise here under- 
taken have but one issue — the Glory of God and the uplifting 
of man. 

Do Thou broaden our outlook today. Do Thou make more 
sensitive our consciences. Do Thou render clearer our vision. 
Do Thou grant that more comprehensive may be our love as 
we confront the great issues of the world. May we approach 
them, not in any fearsome spirit, but with large confidence in 
Thee. May we remember that "if God be for us, who can 
be against us?" And do Thou grant that here in this place 
and in this great city there may be developed a spirit of fra- 
ternity and of international interest and of international love 
that shall literally embrace all the children of men. 

Do Thou bless him who is appointed to preside over this 
nation ; give to him peculiar wisdom in these days ; and grant 
that every safeguard may be thrown about him, and grant that 
Thy Holy Spirit may lead him day by day, hour by hour, into 
paths of truth and into ways of pleasantness and of every 
increasing service for Thee and for his nation. 

And to one and all of us do Thou give the sense of loyalty, 
do Thou give the sense of devotion, not only to our national 
ideals, but to those uplifted ideals that may be ringing round 
the world, that today are making for the larger fraternity 
of human interest. 

And do Thou bless the student body and all those who are 
teaching these Thy sons and Thy daughters in this place. 
Do Thou grant that each one of them in his or her place may 
fulfill every holy obligation to Thee, and may render service 
worthy of Thee. 



the; three nations ot 

Do Thou hear us in this, our prayer. Forgive us when we 
make mistakes. Lift us when we fall. Strengthen us when 
we are weak. Encourage us when we fail. And grant that as 
we grow in years, and in the ripeness and richness of knowl- 
edge, we may grow more and more in our spirit of fellowship 
one with the other, and more and more in the spirit of rev- 
erence and devotion to Thee. These things we ask with 
sure confidence and for the sake of Thy Son, our Savior, 
Jesus Christ. Amen. 

Bishop Hamilton : The Scriptures will be read by the 
Rev. John Paul Tyler, D. D., of the Methodist Episcopal 
Church, South. 

Dr. Tyler : The Scriptures appointed for the day are, first, 
the Twenty-third Psalm, which we shall repeat in concert. 
Let us rise. 

(The audience rose and repeated the Psalm.) 

Hear now, also, the Word of the Lord as it is recorded in 
the seventeenth chapter of the Acts of the Apostles, verses 
twenty-two to thirty-one. 

Here endeth the reading of the lesson. 

Bishop Hamilton : The Rev. Dr. Mitchell will lead us as 
the precentor in the singing of these combined hymns, first, 
"America;" secondly, "God Save the King;" thirdly, "The 
International Hymn," accompanied by the band. 

(Dr. Mitchell led the audience with enthusiasm in singing 
the hymns.) 

Bishop Hamilton: At the earnest request of the grad- 
uating class that the President would consent to be in a 
picture with them, we will wait just a moment for the pho- 
tographers. 

Numerous photographs were then taken of the 
President and Mrs. Harding, the officials of the Uni- 
versity, members of the graduating class, and distin- 
guished guests. 



58 THE THREE NATIONS 

INTRODUCTORY ADDRESS BY THE 
CHANCELLOR. 

Bishop Hamilton : Mr. President, Mrs. Harding, Honored 
Guests, Ladies and Gentlemen: It was Wendell Phillips who 
said, "Education is the only interest worthy the deep con- 
trolling anxiety of the thoughtful man." This statement be- 
comes startling when it is understood that the world has never 
been educated. Education itself has not arrived at the age 
of definition. There have been many attempts to define it 
by men and nations, but its meaning does not lie on the sur- 
face, and it is elusive. It has had no maturity; and will have 
none in your time or mine. It would have to exhaust both 
knowledge and wisdom to become mature. The nearest ap- 
proach to it is in what we call the ideal, and that is more 
imaginary than real. The most that can be said for the 
best educated is that they are going on to perfection ; they 
cannot hope to be made perfect in this life ; they have the 
infinite in their curricula. All wisdom comes from above. 
Cicero declared, "All things are full of God." No man, 
therefore, in our use of the term can be a scholar who does 
not know the presence and will of God revealed in His Bible 
dnd in all things about him. To be a scholar even then is to 
be a smatterer. 

Nicodemus, who was ignorant of the new revelation, knew 
enough to say to the Man of Nazareth, "We know that Thou 
art a Teacher come from God." The prophet had said of Him 
many centuries before. He will teach us of His way and we 
will walk in His paths, and He Himself has directed us of 
His knowledge to teach all nations. Christian education is 
the common bond of human fellowship the world round, the 
only measure of human progress. 

We have come here today to commemorate the search for 
the higher learning. There is a significant proverb that "God 
blesses the seeking, not the finding." 



ADDRESS OF THE HONORABLE 

NEWTON W. ROWELL 

KING'S COUNSEL, TORONTO, CANADA 



We can live zvithout our friends, but not ivithout 
our neighbors. — Proverb. 




Dr. Newton W. Roweh 



INTRODUCING DR. ROWELL. 

When New France was ceded to Great Britain our prov- 
inces were all one country. George the Third made us some 
disturbance between neighbors, but he didn't obliterate the 
neighborhood. And what is the use of digging up that old 
trouble? We are still neighbors. The American University- 
stands for a closer fellowship, wiser statesmanship, and 
Christian reciprocity. To this end we have brought our 
neighbor and brother to promote this national brotherhood. 
It is my very great pleasure to introduce to you the Hon- 
orable Newton W. Rowell, LL. D., King's Counsel, of To- 
ronto, Ontario, Canada. 

Dr. Roweli, : Mr. Chancellor, Your Excellencies, Ladies 
and Gentlemen : In the year 1908, it was my privilege to be 
present on these University grounds and to hear an address 
from your then President, the late Theodore Roosevelt. I 
listened with great pleasure and satisfaction to the proclama- 
tion of ideals which I could not distinguish from the ideals 
which we advocate and hold dear in our own country. And, 
Mr. Chancellor, when you invited me to be present today and 
mformed me that your President, Mr. Harding, was to be 
present and deliver an address, that was a great inducement 
to come that I might hear again the proclamation of Amer- 
ican ideals by the first citizen of your country. 

May I refer, in passing, to that interesting ipcident in 
which we were privileged to take part a few minutes ago — 
the presentation of the American flag to this University? 
It recalled to my mind a most impressive experience of the 
4th of July, 1918. In the early hours of that morning it was 
my privilege to stand on an elevated plateau to the northeast 
of Amiens and witness the soldiers of Australia, your soldiers 
and some of our Canadian troops attack the German positions 

61 



62 THE THREE NATIONS 

which then threatened Amiens. It was one of the first at- 
tacks, if not the first attack upon tlie veteran troops of Ger- 
many, in which your men took part. I was asked : "How do 
you think the American troops will act?" Does my answer 
sound presumptuous ? I replied : "You know how the Cana- 
dians have acted under fire ; the American soldiers will act 
in the same way." Later in the day, when present at the 
meeting of the Supreme Council in Paris, we learned the 
result of that morning's engagement. Our combined forces 
had not only gained their objective, but they had advanced 
much beyond their objective. It was the first real advance 
after the disasters of the spring and was to prepare the way 
for the later movements which culminated in those great 
victories which brought the war to an end. May one ex- 
press the earnest hope that the spirit of fraternity and co- 
operation manifested on that 4th of July, 1918, between the 
citizens of the British Empire and the United States may 
continue to characterize our relations in all the days that lie 
before us. 

At this Convocation of the American University, established 
in the National Capital by one of the great religious bodies 
of this country, it would appear to be fitting to speak of the 
ideals for which this University stands; the name, the geo- 
graphical situation and the religious affiliations all suggest 
that the founders of this institution were possessed of a great 
ideal. What was that ideal? May I suggest an interpreta- 
tion? The word "American" means more than territory; it 
means more than population, it means more than certain 
institutions ; it means the product of all these — "the American 
spirit." We all understand it. It is more easily understood 
than defined. But some, at least, of its characteristics are an 
ardent patriotism, a marked individualism, a notable self- 
reliance, an outstanding optimism, strong moral aspirations 
and a democratic spirit. I believe these qualities are equally 
characteristic of our Canadian people. They are characteristic 



THE TlIREe NATIONS <^3 

of the North American spirit and might be described as the 
new world ideal of citizenship. 

The founders of this University had much more in view 
than simply the development of the national spirit. They 
realized that if this national spirit were to receive its high- 
est expression it must be broadened and steadied, rendered 
reverent and efficient by the knowledge and discipline that 
come from training in a great university. 

We all realize, as the Chancellor has pointed out, that the 
life yvhich opens to a student when he enters the University 
broadens his horizon and should give him a truer view of life. 
He must realize how greatly the American and the Canadian 
of today are indebted to the civilization of Europe and Asia, 
the older civilizations which have preceded ours, and that as 
we are building upon foundations that others have laid, we 
should recognize the place and inestimable value of their 
work and be worthy of the past as well as of the present. 

But the founders of this institution had a still broader 
conception of the new world ideal. The North American 
spirit, broadened, steadied and disciplined by education, may 
yet be intellectually cold and selfish. If so, it can neither 
save its own country nor help to save the world. It must 
be warmed and inspired with noble and unselfish ideals, and 
so they founded not a secular but a Christian University, 
the roots of which sink deep into the religious life of the 
country and which draws its inspiration from our holy 
Christian faith. Mr. Chancellor, such a conception of indi- 
vidual and national character means much to the future of 
your country and ours. 

You ask : "What is the Christian conception of national 
life?" It certainly is not narrow selfishness, it is not national 
isolation; it is the expression of the spirit of service in prac- 
tical co-operation on a world-wide scale in the interests of 
humanity. The chaplain read to us this afternoon that passage 
from the Apostle Paul, in which he said that God "hath made 



64 THE THREE NATIONS 

of one blood all nations." The Christian conception is not 
several distinct humanities. It is one humanity, of which all 
nations are members. No one member can suffer without 
the whole body of humanity suffering with it. No one mem- 
ber can be honored without the whole body of humanity being 
honored with it. 

I am sure this University stands not only for ardent pa- 
triotism and love of country, for an educated and enlightened 
citizenship, but it stands above all for the Christian concep- 
tion of individual and national character and the Christian 
view of international relations. If I have one word to say to 
the graduates today, it is to express the earnest hope that as 
they are among the first to go forth from this University, 
they may in their life express the great ideals of the founders 
of this American University. 

Looking beyond the immediate sphere of the University 
may we not ask ourselves today, is there any contribution 
which the North American spirit can make to the life of the 
world? Is there any distinctive contribution that will benefit 
humanity and promote human progress? One is simply re- 
calling what is familiar to all when one points out the in- 
valuable contribution of Syria to the religious life of the 
world, of the contribution of Rome in law, of Greece in art, 
of Great Britain in the science of government, and of France 
in the humanities. What contribution, what distinctive con- 
tribution, can the North American spirit make to the world's 
cililization at this time? 

Mr. Chancellor, I venture to suggest there is a contribu- 
tion which we can make which is well worth while. In 
August, 1914, when the great war broke out, we in Canada 
and you in the United States, were engaged in preparations 
for commemorating the one hundred years of peace between 
our two countries. It was a notable event in our histories. 
It was a much more notable event in its implications. What 
has it meant to our two nations? What does it promise to 



THE THREK NATIONS 65 

the world? Fifty-four hundred miles of boundary between 
our two countries unguarded for a hundred years. No bat- 
tleships upon our international boundary waters, no troops 
stationed on either side to defend us against hostile attack. 
Peace for a hundred years. No disputes between us? Yes, 
many disputes. No disputes likely to lead to war? Yes, 
many just of the character that have led to wars in the past 
and threaten to lead to wars in the future, disputes about 
territories, disputes about fishing and other property rights, 
disputes on all conceivable questions. Mr. Chancellor, hew 
does it happen that for more than a hundred years we have 
lived side by side in peace? We have lived in peace because 
the leaders and people of both nations have willed it that all 
our disputes should be settled by peaceable means. Our two 
nations have demonstrated to the world the practicability of 
avoiding war and of settling international disputes by peace- 
able means. That in itself is a great contribution to human 
progress. But we have done more. We have demonstrated 
that peaceable settlement of international disputes is not only 
practicable but is vastly more profitable than war. It is quite 
true that we in Canada were not always satisfied with the 
decisions ; we grumbled about many of them. We thought 
you got the best of the settlement in a good many of them. 
I judge from what I have seen in your press there were 
some people on your side of the line who thought in some 
of these arbitrations you got the worst. But I put this ques- 
tion to any thoughtful citizen in either country. Considering 
what war costs in life and property and its effect upon the 
whole life of the nation, who is there who will say that the 
worst settlement was not a thousand times better for both 
nations than any settlement that could have been secured by 
war? 

I repeat, our two countries have not only demonstrated the 
practicability of the peaceable settlement of international dis- 
putes, but from more than a hundred years' experience, the 



66 THE THREE NATIONS 

national benefits and blessings resulting from it. What con- 
tribution should the North American spirit make to the 
world today? A world still reeling under the shock of the 
last war, still suffering from its crimes and horrors. We can 
endeavor to introduce a better spirit into international rela- 
tions and try to lead the world to the settlement of inter- 
national disputes by peaceable means. We may differ on the 
form in which this should be done. Men do honestly differ 
as to the form. We should respect each other's convictions 
on this matter. But so far as the spirit is concerned, I am 
convinced, Mr. Chancellor, and I am sure the President will 
confirm it, that the two nations are as one on the desirability 
of avoiding war and of substituting some other method for 
settling international disputes. 

Our nations do not like war. We want to see right and 
justice, not force, governing the relation of nation to nation, 
and peaceable methods substituted for war as a means of 
settling international disputes. Mr. Chancellor, may not one 
venture to believe that with the whole-hearted co-operation 
of the men on this side of the Atlantic, it may be possible for 
the North American spirit to make this contribution at this 
time to the world's peace and to human progress? 

What greater contribution could your country and ours 
possibly make? We know the benefit of freedom from huge 
armaments. We know the benefit of freedom from war. 
Should we not work together in seeking to establish some 
means of co-operation between the nations for the peaceable 
settlement of international disputes and the preservation of 
the world's peace? 

The people of Canada occupy a unique position politically 
and geographically. We are fortunate, Mr. Chancellor, in 
that we have two mother countries, France and Great Britain. 
We have the greatest respect and admiration for both. Geo- 
graphically, for fifty-four hundred miles our boundary line 
touches yours. We do a great deal of business with you. I 



THE THREE NATIONS 67 

have not seen the statistics for the last year or two, but I 
know that we were doing a larger trade with you than you 
were doing with all the Central and South American states 
combined. I only mention this to show the intimacy and im- 
portance of our commercial relations. Then you are always 
annexing some of our citizens by marriage or otherwise, and 
we are annexing yours. We find the Americans who come 
to Canada and settle with us are just like our own people, 
they make the very best of settlers. I hope the Canadians 
who come over here conduct themselves well. I understand 
they usually get good positions. Mr. Chancellor, Canada has 
her part to play on this continent, related politically to Great 
Britain, geographically to the United States, the daughter of 
one and the sister of the other; she should act as a mediator 
and interpreter between the two, interpreting and reconciling 
the one to the other. Our place in history — and it will be- 
come greater as our population increases — should be to seek 
to bind together in peace and brotherhood the peoples of the 
British Empire, and this great English-speaking republic. I 
can conceive of no higher purpose Canada could serve. 

Some may say these are the idle dreams of dreamers — that 
this idealism is not practical in a practical world. Speaking 
to a University gathering it is not necessary to apologize for 
a measure of idealism. The path of human progress has not 
been blazed by the cynics or the pessimists. The path of 
human progress has been blazed by the idealists and the 
optimists — those who have had vision to see, faith to be- 
lieve and courage to execute ; and I am quite sure that is the 
spirit which inspires this University. 



ADDRESS OF THE HONORABLE 

WARREN G. HARDING 

PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES 



As for the just and noble idea that nations as well 
as individuals are parts of a zvondrous whole, it has 
hardly passed the lips or pen of any but religious men 
and poets. — Harriet Martineau. 



ADDRESS OF PRESIDENT HARDING. 
Presenting President. 

Bishop Hamilton : The world at this moment is turning 
its eyes on us as only a terrible calamity can drive a tired 
hope to look for sympathy and help. It is a momentous re- 
sponsibility to speak for a hundred million people, but it is an 
inspiring confidence we have when we are assured the words 
will be so well chosen as to express only good will with an 
excellent spirit. 

It is high privilege and distinguished honor that enables 
me to present the one man whose every word is heard round 
the world. 

President Harding : Bishop Hamilton, the Faculty, the 
Graduating Class, and Student Body : I do not think I can 
let this occasion pass without giving assent to many of the 
appropriate and appealing things just uttered by Dr. Rowell. 
I like his expressions that American and Canadian ideals are 
in common. And while he spoke about the North American 
contributions to present-day civilization and to the world, it 
occurred to me that the picture of the two great peoples living 
side by side in peace, in confidence and mutual understanding 
is about the finest exemplification that two nations can give 
to the world. 

I have said on many occasions that if all the nations of the 
earth were as honest and unselfish as our republic there never 
would be another war. I shall revise it today and say that if 
all the nations of the earth are as unselfish and devoted to 
their ideals as the United States and Canada there never will 
be another war. 

If I may suggest, without a discordant note, for there is 
none in my heart, I should like to call attention to the fact 
that the United States of America and the Dominion of 
Canada have dwelt side by side and settled their controversies 

70 




President Hakding 



THE THREE NATIONS 71 

without resort to a superpower ; but by the exercise of the 
sovereignty of free peoples deaHng with one another. If we 
can commit civilized humanity to abiding righteousness and 
everlasting justice and inspire it with our example, we shall 
have made a long stride toward the peace the world craves. 

I am glad to extend greetings and congratulations on com- 
pletion of another year's work of the University. We are 
at the height of the annual commencement season, when thou- 
sands of students go out from institutions all over the land 
to take up the tasks for which their years of study have been 
preparing them. 

I wish I could impress the young men and women of every 
graduating class this year with my own acute conviction re- 
garding the obligation of service that is placed upon them. 
They have been favored with the privilege of special equip- 
ment and preparation, such as is vouchsafed to an all too 
small proportion of the people. They will not prove them- 
selves worthy of their peculiar good fortune or of their 
special responsibility unless they regard it as a trust to be 
held for the good of the whole community. 

We look to this month's graduating classes to provide far 
more than their numerical share of leaders for the Nation in 
a future not far ahead. You will play your parts in a world 
in many ways unlike any that former generations of your 
colleagues could have anticipated. 

I would feel that I had performed well the part that has 
providentially fallen to me if I could impress upon everyone 
who goes out this year with a diploma the thought that it is 
not a certificate of right to special favor and profit in the 
world but rather a commission of service. Men all about you 
will need the best you will be able to give to them. 

Never, I firmly believe, was there a time when the call 
was so insistent as that to those capable of giving unselfish, 
broad, comprehending direction to public thought. 



'i2 THE THREE NATIONS 

You of the next generation of leadership will live in a 
time of readjustment and reorganization. Much that has 
been esteemed elemental has been swept aside. Almost noth- 
ing remains that we may safely think of as sacred, as secure 
from the attacks of the iconoclasts. It is a time in which men 
search their souls and assay their convictions, in which they 
examine the very fundamentals of institutions immemorially 
accepted, in which no tradition may be held immune from the 
assaults of the skeptic and the doubter. 

In such a time I can not but feel that the great need which 
proper education can supply is embraced in the broadest cul- 
ture, the most inclusive vision, the most clear-eyed compre- 
hension of the terms which mankind's problem today pre- 
sents. There was a time, and not very long ago, when we 
were wont to think of education as a sort of specialized train- 
ing for some kind of special service. We esteemed it as an 
intensive process of equipping fortunate persons for doing 
particular things particularly well along established and ac- 
cepted lines. Today we may say that there are few accepted 
lines. Nothing remains with us that is not queried. There- 
fore we need for the leadership of the coming generation an 
open-minded willingness to recognize the claim of the doubter, 
the innovator, the experimenter, the would-be constructionist. 

But while we must give these adventurous ones their full 
chance, we must sedulously guard against the spirit of mere 
cynicism, the disposition to condemn all things as they are 
because they are not perfect, the tendency to tear down before 
any plan of reconstruction has been prepared. The trained 
mind — provided it is not overtrained — is the one that must 
provide the saving faculty of discrimination. The world must 
go forward, and not backward ; and it will not go forward 
as the result of any philosophy of mere destruction. After 
all, unsatisfactory as some earnest people regard the present 
structure of society and existing human relationships, a rea- 
sonably conscious world has been a long time traveling as far 



THE THREE NATIONS 73 

on the road toward ideal conditions as it now has reached. 
History has afforded many illustrations of societies crumbling 
and going to pieces, and the process has invariably been at- 
tended with superlative disaster to great masses of humanity. 
It is a commonplace that at this time the world stands on the 
brink of what looks much like a precipice. It must not be 
allowed to take the fatal plunge. It will not, if it shall be 
able to summon to its leadership in the coming generation 
men and women who will unite a necessary measure of con- 
servative purpose with an equally necessary portion of willing- 
ness to consider new expedients, to test out old formulas, to 
apply the acid test even to what we have learned to believe 
is pure gold. 

The education that can truly prepare for the demands of 
society in the time before us can not be given merely in 
academic halls. The great world outside must contribute of 
its practical experience, its intimate knowledge, its discipline 
and disappointments, to complete the equipment. We can 
learn much from books, but if we learned only from books we 
would learn only the wisdom of the past. Nobody will ever 
live long enough or be wise enough to equip himself with all 
the wisdom of the past, to say nothing of projecting it into 
the future. The student who has learned the art of learning, 
of application, of concentration upon the particular problem 
before him, will find that he is better qualified for the prac- 
tical affairs of life than the one who has merely stowed even 
a very great array of facts in his brain. Books are tremen- 
dously useful if they be made the servitors of the inquiring 
mind; they may be deadening and worse than useless if they 
become the master of the too receptive mind. He who has 
learned how to use books, how to find what he requires in 
them and then to apply it, without the necessity of over- 
loading his mind with unnecessary detail, is the one who has 
made his educational preparation most useful. As a mere 
storage warehouse, for facts, beliefs, impressions, the human 



74 THE THREE NATIONS 

mind is an unsatisfactory plant. It is too liable to error and 
too limited in its capacity. But, on the other side, when it is 
used as a macerator of information, a molding, developing, 
forming, and re-forming mechanism, it does its best work. 
To do that work, it must possess the qualities of boldness, 
originality, confidence. It must be capable of sustained and 
well-directed effort. 

So, to the young men and women in cap and gown, gath- 
ered here and on a thousand other platforms to receive the 
testimonies that they have completed their allotted academic 
courses, I would plead that they recognize that, after all, the 
effectiveness of their educational effort will at last be in pro- 
portion to their recognition that it is only preparation and not 
conclusion. 

There is no such thing as finished education. The wisest 
person that ever lived took his last observation of life and 
living into a mind which was still in the processes of prep- 
aration. 

It is, I tliink, a part of our national good fortune that we 
have viewed culture from this standpoint. I think the college 
graduate who imagines himself at the completion of his edu- 
cation is one of the most pathetic human spectacles we have 
to view. Fortunately, he is not nearly so numerous as the 
humorous paragraphers would have us believe. Fortunately, 
also, in case he may be too well endowed with self-esteem 
and confidence, the world has special facilities for rapidly and 
efficaciously reducing the excess of assurance. 

Its democracy is one of the fine things about our American 
system of higher education. It is almost invariably true that 
any young man or woman, who earnestly wishes it, may 
attain the privileges of the best educational preparation. 
There is, thank God, no caste system here. All kinds of ex- 
perience, of social background, of ancestry, of tradition, of 
training are brought together in the melting pot of the Amer- 
ican college or university. Neither social nor intellectual 



THE THREE NATIONS 75 

snobbery is likely very long to survive such experience. That 
is why education, when it is of the right sort, is the greatest 
leveling and democratizing influence we can find. It incul- 
cates a realization of true standards, an appreciation of the 
fact that differences in estate and fortune are, after all, but 
the superficialities of life as compared to the fundamentals 
of character, ambition, and determined . purpose. To what- 
ever extent it fails to impress this conception of the democ- 
racy of intellect, education will brand itself a failure. 

The young men and women who are coming upon the 
world's stage today, equipped to take their parts as leaders, 
will find themselves welcomed as their predecessors have not 
always been in other times. Humanity is seeking as it never 
sought before for those who can see widely, clearly, fear- 
lessly; who will be capable of determining what is sound and 
what is right, and courageous enough to stand for it, though 
they stand alone. Interrogation points have been written in 
the blood and sufferings of countless millions, at the end of a 
thousand statements of what a little time ago we deemed the 
very basic principles of economies, of sociology, of interna- 
tional relationships, of public policy and human justice. We 
must have that faculty of fine discrimination which shall un- 
derstand what is good, true, and reliable, and what is false, 
unjust, and vicious. 

I have known somewhat intimately a good many young 
people who have been growing into their years of maturity 
within the time of the great crisis through which the world 
has been and is still passing. My observation of them and 
of their attitudes toward life has given me, I may tell you, a 
greater confidence in our future than seems to be reflected in 
the pessimistic observations of some who would have us be- 
lieve that, because our young people nowadays see things 
differently than we older ones saw them, the youth of today 
must somehow be a bit degenerate. On the other hand, I am 
convinced that their early introduction to the realities of life 



76 THE THREE NATIONS 

has given to the youth of our day a truer perspective, a better 
appraisal of human and social values. I have faith to believe 
that success, in the minds of educated young people today, 
means less in terms of dollars than it did two generations, 
or a generation, or a decade ago, and that it means more in 
terms of sincere human service than it ever did before. If I 
am right, then surely we have accomplished much for the bet- 
terment of mankind; for it is a great thing to have implanted 
such a spirit, such a purpose, such a vision, in the minds and 
souls of those who are to direct our future. This we have 
done to a greater extent in our generation than ever before in 
a like period. 

The world and its experience constitute the greater uni- 
versity in which all of you have yet to complete, so far as it 
is humanly possible, your education. I pray you to go out 
to it without too much thought of personal rewards, of indi- 
vidual gains ; and yet, not to thrust these considerations en- 
tirely aside. Be generous, but do not dissipate your capital 
of knowledge and ability in aimless, useless generosities. 
Hold true to those ideals which your own country and its 
institutions represent. We Americans will best help mankind 
at large if we most earnestly sustain men immediately about 
us. Let us make our America the best place on earth in which 
men and women may dwell. Let us make it an example to 
all others, an inspiration and a model. It has been our privi- 
lege to see this country which we love called upon to redress 
the wrongs of a world, to restore the balance of civilization. 
We could not have played that part had we not first been true 
to ourselves, confident of our destiny, assured of our right- 
eousness and of the power inherent in our concept of right- 
eousness. Let us go on, holding fast to what, in the great 
trial, has been proven good, seeking to make it better, stronger, 
and more unselfish. Let us place a firm reliance in our des- 
tiny and let us seek to realize that destiny through unceasing 
effort and unfaltering devotion. 



THE THREE NATIONS 77 

Humanity never needed broad, illuminated understanding 
more than it does now. It must needs lean heavily upon those 
to whom it has given its best of opportunity for preparation. 
Those who today hold aloft as best they can the standard of 
civilization and progress must presently pass it on to you who 
are just entering upon your responsibilities. I can think of 
no greater service I could render than to impress upon every 
graduate of this June the part that awaits him in humanity's 
affairs, if he will but realize it. Therefore, I implore a dedica- 
tion to common service, to human betterment, to civilization's 
advancement, on the part of these young people who at last 
must so largely direct the affairs of country and of society 
in the hard but very hopeful times which lie ahead. 

After the deeply impressive address of President 
Harding, "The Marseillaise" was sung v^ith thrilling 
effect by Lieut. Jean J. Labat, of the French Embassy. 



ADDRESS OF THE HONORABLE 

JEAN J. JUSSERAND 
AMBASSADOR FROM FRANCE 



The prosperity of our neighbors in the end is our 
own, and the poverty of our neighbors becomes also in 
the end our ozvn. — Ruskin. 



ADDRESS OF DR. JUSSERAND. 
Introduction of the French Ambassador. 

Bishop Hamilton : There is no gratitude like that which 
responds to the rescuer of one's life from danger and death. 
A drowning girl feels an obligation to marry the man who 
rescues her from a watery grave. 

When the Marquis de Lafayette, marching in Virginia, and 
Count Rochambeau, sweeping the coast from the Hudson to 
the Chesapeake, finished at Yorktown, the French and Amer- 
ican armies were betrothed. When they finished in Flanders 
the wedding was consummated. We are here now to receive 
the blessing of France at the hands of the French Ambassador, 
the Honorable J. J. Jusserand. 

Dr. Jusserand : Mr. President, Mr. Chancellor, Ladies and 
Gentlemen : After the words we have heard from the Chief 
of the State, words full of wisdom, of good will, of humanity, 
and which will be overheard in other lands besides this one, 
who can dare speak? Not L If I speak, it is not because I 
dare, but because I am bidden. 

How could I disobey when I have such a debt of gratitude 
to the one who bade me? We happened to return together to 
America, in the same ship, during the anxious days of August, 
1914, before any one could tell for sure whether a General 
Joffre would win a battle of the Marne. We trusted that he 
would, and so did your Chancellor, offering prayers for the 
success of the great cause which we were defending, and 
which you were, one day to defend too, with what success, all 
the world knows. 

In its efforts toward better days, mankind suddenly rises 
at times, then falls back, but usually not so low as its starting 
point, so that part of its gains remain permanent and the 

80 




Dr. J. J. JussEKAND 



THE THREE NATIONS 81 

ascent continues. Yorktown and American independence, our 
revolutions of 1789, 1830, and 184.8, with their immense influ- 
ence in Europe; the great war in which the three Yorktown 
nations, now united at last, and, we feel confident, forever, 
took such a prominent part, were events of this sort. 

The foundation of your University is the result of one of 
those deep movements involving the generality of men. The 
King's Counsel from Canada was considering a moment ago 
what were the thoughts of your founders. Those thoughts and 
the possibility of the foundation are a consequence of a pro- 
found transformation which took place in the world, and espe- 
cially in England, during the first half of the eighteenth 
century, the seat of which was less apparent than the trenches 
at Yorktown or the forts at Verdun, and was men's hearts. 

Studying the manners of the day, and the mass of writings 
published at the time when, having received the scepter from 
Dryden, Alexander Pope reigned over the realm of letters, 
one is struck by the extreme dryness of the literary king and 
of his subjects. Clear-sighted, sceptical, ironical, vindictive, 
doubting all that they could not see, including their own 
hearts (because they could not see them), having but scorn 
for sentiment, they perpetuated throughout their days, "the 
drought of March," to borrow a word from old Chaucer. 
Theologians, philosophers, poets and novelists, belonged most 
of them to this intellectual school of dryness. Pope would, 
to please his teacher, Bolingbroke, write a poem to show that 
all is for the best in this world, and so write it as to leave 
his readers persuaded that all is bad, and that there is no 
remedy and that life is scarcely worth living. Those poets 
offer to our sight metallic gardens, all glitter and no sweet- 
ness, with bright birds, which are stuffed birds, and tin roses 
with a smell of varnish and no perfume. Much of what hap- 
pens to Robinson Crusoe touches his readers because they 
have a sensitive heart, but he himself is scarcely touched at all. 
Freed from his island and returning home after twenty-eight 



82 THE THREE NATIONS 

years of absence, he first ascertains what has become of the 
money he had left, afterwards only whether his father and 
mother are alive, and finds that they are not, but that two of 
his sisters survive, who probably said, "Glad to see you." 
But he does not go so far as to tell us. 

All know the immense change which took place even before 
the middle of the century, when one after the other, warm- 
hearted all of them, the friends of man and beast, of all that 
lives and can suffer, caring little for the acrobatics of mere 
wit and much for the play of sentiment and afifections, men 
like Johnson, Richardson, Fielding, Goldsmith, came to the 
front. Tolerance, kindliness, good will, a fondness for the 
masses, which was a return to what forms the basis of 
Christianity, now predominated. The movement had begun 
with men like Steele, Addison, William Law, when the other 
tendency was at its height : the oncoming of every season can 
be detected before the next begins. Law, who like Addison, 
was persuaded that to give virtue repellent features was not 
a way to make her attractive, published in 1729 his Serious 
Call to a Devout and Holy Life, and adorned it with charm- 
ing portraits and characters, true to nature all of them, like 
that of saintly Miranda, and that Flavia, of the world worldly, 
not a bad girl, but not a model one, who, when there is a 
collection for some good work, "and she likes the person who 
makes the proposal," will give half a crown, and add : "If you 
knew what a long milliner's bill I have just received, you 
would think it a great deal for me to give." 

Law's virtues and kindliness, his good will to all, attracted 
many who, tired of the ambient scepticism and dryness, longed 
for better things and a more complete development of man's 
nature. Among those who came to listen to the "Sage of 
Putney," and were strongly influenced by him were two young 
men, the two brothers, John and Charles Wesley. 

In the great renovation which took place during the second 
part of the eighteenth century, John Wesley's role was of 



THE THREE NATIONS 83 

paramount importance. Place was found in his great heart 
for all sufferers and outcasts, prisoners, people in want, poor 
children, illiterates. Having a clear mind as well as a warm 
heart, he managed to help his followers both materially and 
morally, organizing love feasts for men to better understand, 
and come nearer to, each other, and a system of loans to assist 
them in their undertakings. Traveling, preaching, writing 
ceaselessly, covering between four and five thousand miles in 
a year, reading on horseback books of religion, history, lit- 
erature, the Odyssey for example, visiting not only England 
but Ireland and America, "always in haste," he said, "never 
in a hurry," he came in contact with people innumerable and 
his influence was immense. 

On Americans, when they began their struggle for liberty, 
he wrote memorable words. His letter to Lord North and 
Lord Dartmouth is, or should be, famous. He changed his 
mind, it is true, after having read Dr. Johnson's pamphlet, 
"Taxation No Tyranny" (which depends; sometimes it is, 
sometimes not) ; but let us rather remember his first and 
more spontaneous movement, when he expressed himself thus : 
"I cannot avoid thinking if I think at all, that these our 
oppressed people asked for nothing more than their legal 
rights; and that in the most modest and inoffensive manner 
which the nature of the thing would allow. But waiving this, 
waiving all considerations of right and wrong, I ask, is it 
common sense to use force toward the Americans? * * * 
Whatever has been affirmed, these men will not be frightened. 
Some of our officers say: 'Two thousand men will clear 
America of these rebels.' No, nor twenty thousand, nor per- 
haps treble that number, be they rebels or not. They are as 
strong, as valiant as you, if not more, for our soldiers fight 
for pay and they, on the contrary, are one and all enthusiasts, 
enthusiasts for liberty. And, while they are contending pro 
avis et focis, for their wives, children, liberty * * * are 
we sure that our neighbors will stand stock still?" 



84 THE THREE NATIONS 

The words of a prophet, including even the part to be played 
by France, fell that day, 14th of June, 1775, from the lips of 
John Wesley. 

You have not changed ; neither have we ; both our nations 
continue to be capable of the utmost efforts, careless of risks, 
when a great idea, or a deep sentiment is at stake. Both our 
nations surpassed themselves in the great war, you coming 
three thousand miles away to put in the balance the weight 
of your unconquered sword, and finding then, on the same 
side of the trench those whom we shall ever he happy to 
call our British friends. 

The three flags just now displayed in front of us differ in 
their arrangement of colors, but the colors are the same, 
and one who sings of the red, white and blue evokes the idea 
of those three great peoples, with an incomparable past, and 
we hope, an incomparable future. Dr. Rowell praised you 
Americans for the fact that during more than a hundred 
years you have not been at war with England. Well, I do 
not see why I should not praise France, for we, too, have en- 
joyed and greatly enjoyed a more than centennial peace with 
England ; with more merit even, so much older, and more 
persistent than yours was our custom of being almost cease- 
lessly at war with her. But after the great deeds of the 
great war, now that the poppies of Flanders' fields are drop- 
ping their red petals on the tombs of those from our three 
countries who died for liberty, nothing we trust will ever 
disunite our three colored flags, sacred emblems of the same 
cause, both in war and peace. 

In this University, the principles of John Wesley, irre- 
spective of any particular tenet, will be faithfully adhered to. 
All will remember that any who may be tempted to swerve 
from the rule of tolerance, patience and good will ceases to 
be his pupil. All will remember that in accordance with the 
forceful words of a French thinker of the sixteenth century, 
Rabelais, "Science without conscience is the death of the soul." 



THE UNIVERSITY ABROAD 



Tlie true university of these days is a good master, 
worthy student, and God to defend them as their cause 
is just. 



THE UNIVERSITY GRADUATES 

Bishop Hamilton : I have already stated to the audience 
the necessity for the departure of the President and Mrs. 
Harding at four o'clock. I think we have time enough to 
conclude our exercises, but if we should not and the band 
must go, then we want the rest of you to stay! I say this 
because I know that you are interested to be here. We have 
nothing now but the graduation, the conferring of degrees, 
and the announcement of the fellowships. 

The several Deans of the University presented to the Chan- 
cellor the following graduates to receive their respective 
degrees : 

David Joseph Shorb, A. B., Master of Art. Thesis: A 
Special Treatise of Federal Taxation as Applied to Cor- 
porations. 

Charles Emile Morganston, Jr., B. S., LL. M., Master of 
Arts. Thesis : The Treaty-Making Power and Its Limitations. 

Simeon Cruz Capule, LL. M., Master of Laws in Diplomacy. 
Thesis : The Constitutional Relation of the Philippine Islands 
with the United States. 

Henry Chung, A. M., Doctor of Philosophy. Thesis : The 
Case of Korea. 

Henry Clay Keene, LL. M., Doctor of Civil Law. Thesis : 
The Antecedents of the Commerce Clause. 

Zhivoin Kittich, LL. B., Doctor of Civil Law. Thesis : 
Serbia in International Treaties. 

Otto Erwin Koegel, LL. M., Doctor of Civil Law. Thesis : 
Common Law Marriage and Its Development in the United 
States. 

John Nelson Torvestad, B. S., LL. M., Doctor of Civil Law. 
Thesis : The Growth and Development of a National Police 
Power as Implied in the Constitutional Grant to Congress to 
Regulate Commerce "Among the Several States." 

87 



88 THE THREE NATIONS 

Edson Leone Whitney, Ph. D., LL. B., Doctor of Civil Law. 
Thesis : The Law of Strikes and Lockouts. 

Bishop Hamilton: Now, please, we will have time enough, 
I think, to sing the hymn that I trust we will all sing with 
heartiness and with the spirit of understanding, "Blest Be the 
Tie That Binds." Let us all rise. 

(The audience rose and sang the hymn designated.) 



CONCLUDING EXERCISES 



Three Empires by the sea, 
Three Nations great and free, 

One Anthem raise. 
One race of ancient fame, 
One laiv, one faith, ive claim, 
One God whose glorious name 

We love and praise. 



ANNOUNCEMENT OF FELLOWSHIPS. 

Bishop Hamilton : We all sympathize with disappointment, 
and possibly never more than when the persons disappointed 
are in their young manhood or young womanhood ; but this is 
a world of rivalry, and we can not all, when we are com- 
peting for a prize, obtain the crown, when it is not offered to 
everyone that competes. So today we must simply say that 
some of these persons came very near to the goal, but we are 
here to announce only seven persons who have received the 
fellowships of the University. We are fast equipping our- 
selves for bringing all these persons to find facilities for con- 
tinuing their study in the American University. I take 
pleasure now, in the midst of the disappointments of these 
who may be defeated, in saying, another chance ahead, try 
again. You are near, and not far, from "the consummation 
devoutly to be wished." Cheer up, young people; the whole 
world is ahead of you, and it's wide enough for you to suc- 
ceed somewhere and sometime. I congratulate the notable 
seven who have learned "the race by vigor not by vanities 
is won." The names of these successful candidates for fellow- 
ships are: Erwin Ransdell Goodenough, James E. A. John- 
stone, Frederick P. Myers, Lester Bowers Pearson, Mary 
Lois Raymond, George J. Schulz, Edwin Edgar Voigt. 

Let us unite now to sing "The Battle Hymn of the Re- 
public," and then the doxology and the benediction will be 
pronounced by the Rev. John R. Edwards, D. D., District 
Superintendent of the Washington District. 

(The audience sang the hymn indicated.) 

Let me ask the audience please after the benediction to re- 
main in their places until the President and Mrs. flarding 
have gone to their carriage. 

91 



92 THE THREE NATIONS 

BENEDICTION. 

Dr. Edwards : The peace of God, which passeth all under- 
standing, keep your hearts and minds in the knowledge and 
love of God, and of His Son Jesus Christ, our Lord. And the 
blessing of God, the Father Almighty, the Son and the Holy 
Spirit, rest upon and remain with you always. Amen. 



